Spinal fusion implant

ABSTRACT

An implant including a housing having a peripheral frame including an inner edge defining central opening in a central portion of the implant. The implant may also include a blade located within the central opening, the blade having a retracted position in the housing and an extended position where the blade extends outwardly from the housing. In addition, the implant may include a blade actuating component comprising a driven shaft portion and a blade engaging portion. The blade actuating component may be configured to be translated to move the blade between the retracted position and the extended position. Also, the inner edge of the peripheral frame may include a posterior edge configured to support the blade in two locations.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of Sack, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/333,892, filed Oct. 25, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The embodiments are generally directed to implants for supporting bone growth in a patient.

A variety of different implants are used in the body. Implants used to stabilize an area and promote bone ingrowth provide both stability (i.e. minimal deformation under pressure over time) and space for bone ingrowth.

Spinal fusion, also known as spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgical treatment method used for the treatment of various morbidities, such as: degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis (slippage of a vertebra), spinal stenosis, scoliosis, fracture, infection, or tumor. The aim of the spinal fusion procedure is to reduce instability, and thus, pain.

In preparation for the spinal fusion, most of the intervertebral disc is removed. An implant, such as a spinal fusion cage, may be placed between the vertebrae to maintain spine alignment and disc height. The fusion (i.e., bone bridge) occurs between the endplates of the vertebrae.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to an implant that includes a housing having a peripheral frame including an inner edge defining central opening in a central portion of the implant. The implant may also include a blade located within the central opening, the blade having a retracted position in the housing and an extended position where the blade extends outwardly from the housing. In addition, the implant may include a blade actuating component comprising a driven shaft portion and a blade engaging portion. The blade actuating component may be configured to be translated to move the blade between the retracted position and the extended position. Also, the inner edge of the peripheral frame may include a posterior edge configured to support the blade in two locations.

In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to an implant including a housing having a peripheral frame including an inner edge defining central opening in a central portion of the implant. The implant may also include a blade located within the central opening and having a retracted position in the housing and an extended position where the blade extends outwardly from the housing. In addition, the implant may include a blade actuating component comprising a driven shaft portion and a blade engaging portion. The blade actuating component may be configured to be translated to move the blade between the retracted position and the extended position. The housing may be formed, at least in part, from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) or (PEKK). Further, at least one radiopaque marker may be embedded in a portion of the housing.

In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to an implant including a housing having a peripheral frame including an inner edge defining central opening in a central portion of the implant. The implant may also include a blade located within the central opening, the blade having a retracted position in the housing and an extended position where the blade extends outwardly from the housing. In addition, the implant may include a blade actuating component comprising a driven shaft portion and a blade engaging portion. The blade actuating component may be configured to be translated to move the blade between the retracted position and the extended position. The housing may be formed at least in part from polyether ether ketone (PEEK). In addition, the implant may include at least one engagement portion extending from an outer surface of the peripheral frame, the engagement portion including a recess configured to receive a gripping element of an insertion tool configured to hold the implant during an implantation procedure.

In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to an implant a housing having a peripheral frame including an inner edge defining a central opening in a central portion of the implant. The implant includes a first blade located within the central opening and having a retracted position in the housing and an extended position where the blade extends outwardly from the housing in a superior direction. In addition, the implant includes a second blade located within the central opening and having a retracted position in the housing and an extended position where the blade extends outwardly from the housing in an inferior direction. Further, the implant includes a blade actuating component comprising a driven shaft portion and a blade engaging portion, wherein the blade actuating component is configured to be translated to move the first blade and the second blade between the retracted position and the extended position. The first blade includes a first protruding portion, and the blade actuating component includes a first channel configured to receive the first protruding portion of the first blade. The first protruding portion of the first blade and the first channel in the blade actuating component are arranged at a non-zero angle with respect to a vertical axis such that translation of the blade actuating component moves the first blade from the retracted position to the extended position. In addition, the second blade includes a second protruding portion and the blade actuating component includes a second channel configured to receive the second protruding portion of the second blade. The second protruding portion of the second blade and the second channel in the blade actuating component are arranged at a non-zero angle with respect to a vertical axis such that translation of the blade actuating component moves the second blade from the retracted position to the extended position.

Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the embodiments will be, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description and this summary, be within the scope of the embodiments, and be protected by the following claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The embodiments can be better understood with reference to the following drawings and description. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, with emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the embodiments. Moreover, in the figures, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a patient and an implant, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a patient and an implant with an insertion tool, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a spine and a deployed implant, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of an embodiment of an implant;

FIG. 5 is an exploded isometric view of the implant of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an isometric superior view of an embodiment of a body of an implant;

FIG. 7 is an isometric inferior view of an embodiment of a body of an implant;

FIG. 8 is a schematic posterior-side view of an embodiment of a body of an implant;

FIG. 9 is a schematic anterior-side view of an embodiment of a body of an implant;

FIG. 10 is a schematic isometric view of an embodiment of a blade actuating component;

FIG. 11 is a schematic anterior-side view of an embodiment of a blade actuating component;

FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a blade actuating component;

FIG. 13 is a schematic isometric view of an embodiment of a blade;

FIG. 14 is a schematic isometric view of an embodiment of a blade;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a blade;

FIG. 16 is a schematic isometric view of an embodiment of a blade actuating component and two corresponding blades;

FIG. 17 is a schematic isometric view of the blade actuating component of FIG. 16 coupled with the two corresponding blades;

FIG. 18 is a schematic isometric view of a superior side of a cover of an implant, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 19 is a schematic isometric view of an inferior side of the cover of FIG. 13;

FIG. 20 is a schematic isometric view of an embodiment of a body and a cover for an implant;

FIG. 21 is a schematic isometric view of an embodiment of a body and a cover for an implant;

FIG. 22 is a schematic isometric view of an implant in a deployed position;

FIG. 23 is a schematic anterior-side view of an implant in a deployed position;

FIG. 24 is a schematic lateral-side view of an implant in a deployed position;

FIG. 25 is a schematic isometric view of an implant in an insertion position, including a cross-sectional view of several components, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 26 is a schematic isometric view of the implant of FIG. 25 in an intermediate position between the insertion position and the deployed position depicted, including a cross-sectional view of the several components;

FIG. 27 is a schematic isometric view of the implant of FIG. 25 in a deployed position, including a cross-sectional view of the several components;

FIG. 28 is a schematic isometric view of the implant of FIG. 25 in an intermediate position, including a cross-sectional view of the several components;

FIG. 29 is a schematic isometric view of a locking screw according to an embodiment;

FIG. 30 is a schematic side view of the locking screw of FIG. 29;

FIG. 31 is a schematic isometric view of an implant with a locking screw, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 32 is a schematic isometric view of an implant with an enlarged view of a locking screw, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 33 is a schematic lateral-side view of a blade actuating component for an implant, according to another embodiment;

FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view of a body and a blade actuating component in the insertion position, according to another embodiment;

FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view of a body and a blade actuating component in the deployed position, according to another embodiment;

FIG. 36 is a schematic top-down view of an implant and an insertion tool; and

FIG. 37 is a schematic cross-sectional top-down view of the insertion tool with a representation of an implant of FIG. 36.

FIG. 38 is a schematic perspective anterior view of an implant according to another embodiment;

FIG. 39 is a schematic lateral view of the implant shown in FIG. 38;

FIG. 40 is a schematic perspective posterior view of the implant shown in FIG. 38;

FIG. 41 is a schematic superior view of a posterior portion of the implant shown in FIG. 38;

FIG. 42 is a schematic inferior view of the implant shown in FIG. 38;

FIG. 43 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an implant taken as indicated in FIG. 41;

FIG. 44 is a schematic enlarged view of an insertion tool engagement portion of the implant;

FIG. 45 is a schematic assembled view of opposing blades and a blade actuating component joined using T-shaped slots; and

FIG. 46 is a schematic assembled view of opposing blades and a blade actuating component joined using rectangular-shaped slots.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiments described herein are directed to an implant for use in a spine. The embodiments include implants with a body and one or more blades. In addition to the various provisions discussed below, any embodiments may make use of any of the body/support structures, blades, actuating components or other structures disclosed in Duffield et al., U.S. Patent Publication Number 2016/0374831, published on Dec. 29, 2016, and titled “Interbody Fusion Device and System for Implantation,” Sack, U.S. Patent Publication Number 2018/0104068, published on Jun. 4, 2019, currently U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/296,902, filed on Oct. 18, 2016 and titled “Implant With Deployable Blades,” and Duffield et al., U.S. Patent Publication Number 2017/0100260, published on Apr. 13, 2017, and titled “Insertion Tool For Implant And Methods of Use,” each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Introduction to the Implant

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of an implant 100. For purposes of context, implant 100 is shown adjacent to a depiction of a spinal column 102 in a human body 104. In FIG. 2, an embodiment of implant 100 is shown as it is being inserted into human body 104 with the use of an insertion tool 206. It should be understood that the relative size of implant 100 and insertion tool 206 as depicted with human body 104 have been adjusted for purposes of illustration. For purposes of this disclosure, implant 100 may also be referred to as a cage or fusion device. In some embodiments, implant 100 is configured to be implanted within a portion of the human body. In some embodiments, implant 100 may be configured for implantation into the spine. In some embodiments, implant 100 may be a spinal fusion implant, or spinal fusion device, which is inserted between adjacent vertebrae to provide support and/or facilitate fusion between the vertebrae. For example, referring to FIG. 3, a section of spinal column 102 is illustrated, where implant 100 has been positioned between a first vertebra 192 and a second vertebra 194. Moreover, implant 100 is seen to include two blades (a first blade 241 and a second blade 242), which extend from the superior and inferior surfaces of implant 100. Each of the blades has been driven into an adjacent vertebra (i.e., first vertebra 192 or second vertebra 194) so as to help anchor implant 100.

In some embodiments, implant 100 may be inserted using an anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) surgical procedure, where the disc space is fused by approaching the spine through the abdomen. In the ALIF approach, a three-inch to five-inch incision is typically made near the abdomen and the abdominal muscles are retracted to the side. In some cases, implant 100 can be inserted through a small incision in the front or anterior side of the body. In some cases, an anterior approach may afford improved exposure to the disc space to a surgeon. The anterior approach can allow a larger device to be used for the fusion, increasing the surface area for a fusion to occur and allowing for more postoperative stability. An anterior approach often makes it possible to reduce some of the deformity caused by various conditions, such as isthmic spondylolisthesis. Insertion and placement of the fusion device along the front of a human body can also re-establish the patient's normal sagittal alignment in some cases, giving individuals a more normal, inward curve to their lower back.

For purposes of clarity, reference is made to various directional adjectives throughout the detailed description and in the claims. As used herein, the term “anterior” refers to a side or portion of an implant that is intended to be oriented towards the front of the human body when the implant has been placed in the body. Likewise, the term “posterior” refers to a side or portion of an implant that is intended to be oriented towards the back of the human body following implantation. In addition, the term “superior” refers to a side or portion of an implant that is intended to be oriented towards a top (e.g., the head) of the body while “inferior” refers to a side or portion of an implant that is intended to be oriented towards a bottom of the body. Reference is also made herein to “lateral” sides or portions of an implant, which are sides or portions facing along a lateral direction of the body.

FIG. 4 is a schematic isometric view of an embodiment of implant 100, according to an embodiment. As seen in FIG. 4, implant 100 is understood to be configured with an anterior side 110 and a posterior side 112. Implant 100 may also include a first lateral side 114 and a second lateral side 116. Furthermore, implant 100 may also include a superior side 130 and an inferior side 140.

Reference is also made to directions or axes that are relative to the implant itself, rather than to its intended orientation with regard to the body. For example, the term “distal” refers to a part that is located further from a center of an implant, while the term “proximal” refers to a part that is located closer to the center of the implant. As used herein, the “center of the implant” could be the center of mass and/or a central plane and/or another centrally located reference surface.

An implant may also be associated with various axes. Referring to FIG. 4, implant 100 may be associated with a longitudinal axis 120 that extends along the longest dimension of implant 100 between first lateral side 114 and second lateral side 116. Additionally, implant 100 may be associated with a posterior-anterior axis 122 (also referred to as a “widthwise axis”) that extends along the widthwise dimension of implant 100, between posterior side 112 and anterior side 110. Moreover, implant 100 may be associated with a vertical axis 124 that extends along the thickness dimension of implant 100, and which is generally perpendicular to both longitudinal axis 120 and posterior-anterior axis 122.

An implant may also be associated with various reference planes or surfaces. As used herein, the term “median plane” refers to a vertical plane which passes from the anterior side to the posterior side of the implant, dividing the implant into right and left halves, or lateral halves. As used herein, the term “transverse plane” refers to a horizontal plane located in the center of the implant that divides the implant into superior and inferior halves. As used herein, the term “coronal plane” refers to a vertical plane located in the center of the implant that divides the implant into anterior and posterior halves. In some embodiments, the implant is symmetric or substantially symmetric about two planes, such as the median and the transverse plane.

FIG. 5 is a schematic isometric exploded view of implant 100 according to an embodiment. Referring to FIGS. 4-5, implant 100 is comprised of a body 200 and a cover 220, which together may be referred to as a housing 201 of implant 100. In some embodiments, a body and cover may be integrally formed. In other embodiments, a body and cover may be separate pieces that are joined by one or more fasteners. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4-5, body 200 and cover 220 are separate pieces that are fastened together using additional components of implant 100.

Embodiments of an implant may include provisions for anchoring the implant into adjacent vertebral bodies. In some embodiments, an implant may include one or more anchoring members. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4-5, implant 100 includes a set of blades 240 that facilitate anchoring implant 100 to adjacent vertebral bodies following insertion of implant 100 between the vertebral bodies. Set of blades 240 may be further comprised of first blade 241 and second blade 242. Although the exemplary embodiments described herein include two blades, other embodiments of an implant could include any other number of blades. For example, in another embodiment, three blades could be used. In another embodiment, four blades could be used, with two blades extending from the inferior surface and two blades extending from the superior surface of the implant. Still other embodiments could include five or more blades. In yet another embodiment, a single blade could be used.

An implant with blades can include provisions for moving the blades with respect to a housing of the implant. In some embodiments, an implant includes a blade actuating component that engages with one or more blades to extend and/or retract the blades from the surfaces of the implant. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4-5, implant 100 includes a blade actuating component 260. In some embodiments, blade actuating component 260 is coupled to first blade 241 and second blade 242. Moreover, by adjusting the position of blade actuating component 260 within housing 201, first blade 241 and second blade 242 can be retracted into, or extended from, surfaces of implant 100.

An implant can include provisions for locking the position of one or more elements of the implant. In embodiments where the position of a blade actuating component can be changed, an implant can include provisions for locking the actuating component in a given position, thereby also locking one or more blades in a given position, such as through the use of a threaded fastener or other type of securing mechanism. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, implant 100 includes locking screw 280. In some embodiments, locking screw 280 can be used to lock blade actuating component 260 in place within implant 100, which ensures first blade 241 and second blade 242 remain in an extended or deployed position, as will be shown further below.

Embodiments can also include one or more fasteners that help attach a body to a cover. In some embodiments, pins, screws, nails, bolts, clips, or any other kinds of fasteners could be used. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, implant 100 includes a set of pins 290 that help fasten cover 220 to body 200. In the exemplary embodiments, two pins are used, including first pin 291 and second pin 292. In other embodiments, however, any other number of pins could be used. In another embodiment, a single pin could be used. In still other embodiments, three or more pins could be used.

Body Component

Referring now to FIGS. 6-9, four views are presented of an embodiment of body 200. FIG. 6 is a schematic isometric superior side or top-down isometric view of body 200. FIG. 7 depicts a schematic isometric inferior side or bottom-up isometric view of body 200. FIG. 8 is a schematic posterior or rear side view of body 200. FIG. 9 is a schematic anterior or front side view of body 200. In different embodiments, body 200 may provide the posterior and anterior sides of housing 201, as well as at least one lateral side of housing 201.

In some embodiments, the lateral sides of a body may both have a lattice-like geometry. Various openings or apertures, as will be discussed below, can help reduce the overall weight of the implant, and/or decrease manufacturing costs associated with material usage. Furthermore, in some cases, openings can increase the surface area available throughout body 200, and facilitate the application of bone growth promoting materials to the implant, and/or facilitate the coupling of the implant with the insertion tool, as will be discussed further below. In some other embodiments, the lateral sides could be configured as solid walls with one or more openings. Furthermore, by providing openings in the housing of the implant, there can be improved visual clarity regarding the degree or extent of blade deployment.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 6-9, body 200 has a generally oval cross-sectional shape in a horizontal plane. Furthermore, each of superior side 130 and inferior side 140 include at least one through-hole opening. For example, in FIGS. 6 and 7, it can be seen that implant 100 includes a first opening 610 and a second opening 612. Each of first opening 610 and second opening 612 extend continuously through the thickness of implant 100 from superior side 130 to inferior side 140 in a direction substantially aligned with vertical axis 124. While the openings can vary in size, shape, and dimension in different embodiments, in one embodiment, both first opening 610 and second opening 612 each have a generally half-circle, or semi-circle, cross-sectional shape along the horizontal plane.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, posterior side 112 and anterior side 110 of body 200 have a generally oblong rectangular shape. Furthermore, in FIGS. 4, 6 and 8-9, it can be seen that a sidewall 630 extends around the majority of perimeter of body 200, extending between superior side 130 to inferior side 140 in a direction substantially aligned with vertical axis 124, forming a periphery that surrounds or defines a majority of the outer surface of the implant. In some embodiments, first lateral side 114 and second lateral side 116 are substantially similar (i.e., can include substantially similar structural features), though in other embodiments, each side can include variations. There may be additional openings formed in implant 100 in some embodiments. In different embodiments, sidewall 630 can include a plurality of side openings or apertures, though in other embodiments, sidewall 630 can be substantially continuous or solid.

Referring back to FIG. 4, it can be seen that first lateral side 114 includes a first aperture 480, a second aperture 482, a third aperture 484, a fourth aperture 486, a fifth aperture 488, and a sixth aperture 490. Each aperture can differ in shape in some embodiments. For example, first aperture 480 has a substantially oblong rectangular shape, second aperture 482 has a five-sided or substantially pentagonal shape, third aperture 484 and fifth aperture 488 each have a four-sided or substantially trapezoidal shape, fourth aperture 486 has a substantially round shape, and sixth aperture 490 has a six-sided or substantially hexagonal shape. In other embodiments, second lateral side 116 can include a fewer or greater number of apertures. It should be understood that second lateral side 116 can also include a plurality of apertures disposed in a similar arrangement as first lateral side 114 in some embodiments. The shapes of the various openings are configured to permit the implant body to be manufactured in the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process, as well as to provide support to the inferior and superior load bearing surfaces.

As shown in FIG. 6, in one embodiment, anterior side 110 of body 200 includes guide opening 222. Guide opening 222 extends through the thickness of sidewall 630 in a direction substantially aligned with posterior-anterior axis 122. Guide opening 222 includes a chamber portion (“chamber”) 492 and a hollow grooved portion (the hollow grooved portion will be discussed further below with respect to FIGS. 31 and 32). Chamber 492 can be understood to be connected with the grooved portion such that some components can pass from chamber 492 into the grooved portion (or vice versa).

In some embodiments, as will be discussed further below and shown generally in FIG. 4, a portion of blade actuating component 260 can be configured to extend through or be received by the chamber portion. In other words, in some embodiments, the chamber portion can be sized and dimensioned to fit or extend closely around a portion of blade actuating component 260. In FIG. 6, it can be seen that chamber 492 comprises a generally oblong four-sided opening. In one embodiment, chamber 492 has a substantially oblong square or rectangular cross-sectional shape in a vertical plane. In FIG. 6, chamber 492 extends between an outwardly-facing or distally oriented surface 685 of sidewall 630 and an inwardly-facing or proximally oriented surface 695 of sidewall 630. As chamber 492 approaches proximally oriented surface 695, there may be additional recessed regions or diagonal slots 632 which expand the size of guide opening 222, and can be configured to snugly receive or fit various portions of blade actuating component 260, as will be discussed further below. Furthermore, it can be understood that the cross-sectional shape of the chamber portion is configured to prevent rotation of the driven shaft portion when the drive shaft portion is inserted into the chamber portion.

Body 200 can also include additional reinforcement structures. For example, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, body 200 includes a first inner sidewall 634 extending in a direction substantially aligned with posterior-anterior axis 122, and a second inner sidewall 636 extending in a direction substantially aligned with posterior-anterior axis 122. First inner sidewall 634 and second inner sidewall 636 can be substantially parallel in one embodiment. As noted above, different portions of body 200 can include recessed areas or apertures. In one embodiment, shown best in FIG. 7, first inner sidewall 634 and/or second inner sidewall 636 include a plurality of apertures 645.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, first inner sidewall 634 and second inner sidewall 636 can help define or bound a central hollow region 638 in body 200. Central hollow region 638 can extend through the thickness of body 200. Central hollow region 638 can be configured to receive the blades and the blade actuating component, as will be discussed further below. In FIGS. 6 and 7, it can be seen that central hollow region 638 includes a main opening 640 and a posterior opening 642, where main opening 640 is connected with a posterior opening 642 such that some components can pass from main opening 640 into posterior opening 642. Main opening 640 is located toward a center or middle portion of the body, and posterior opening 642 is located along the posterior periphery of the body. In one embodiment, posterior opening 642 is significantly narrower in width across the horizontal plane relative to the width associated with main opening 640.

In different embodiments, posterior opening 642 can be disposed between a first end portion 696 and a second end portion 698 that are associated with posterior side 112 of body 200. Furthermore, in some embodiments, each end portion can include a recessed region. In FIG. 6, a first posterior recess 692 is formed within a portion of first end portion 696 and a second posterior recess 694 is formed within a portion of second end portion 698. As will be discussed below with respect to FIGS. 20 and 21, first posterior recess 692 and second posterior recess 694 can be configured to receive a cover.

First end portion 696 and a second end portion 698 can be substantially similar in some embodiments. In one embodiment, first end portion 696 and a second end portion 698 are mirror-images of one another relative to a central posterior-anterior axis or midline. In some embodiments, first posterior recess 692 and second posterior recess 694 are sized and dimensioned to snugly receive a rearward cover or cap that extends between or bridges together first end portion 696 and second end portion 698 of body 200, providing a substantially continuous outer periphery of the implant. In addition, in some embodiments, either or both of first end portion 696 and second end portion 698 can include pin holes (shown in FIG. 5 as pin holes 202), which can be used to help secure the cover to the posterior side of body 200 (see FIGS. 20-21).

The configuration of body 200 shown for the embodiment of FIGS. 6-9 may facilitate the manufacturing process in different embodiments. In particular, this configuration may permit 3D Printing via laser or electron beam with minimal support structures by forming a unitary piece with a plurality of openings. This design may also help to improve visibility of adjacent bony anatomy under X-ray fluoroscopy while still providing sufficient structural support and rigidity to withstand all testing requirements and the clinical loading of an implant. Other embodiments, not pictured in the figures, include round or rectangular openings in otherwise solid geometry of the anterior, posterior, or lateral sides.

Embodiments can also include one or more blade retaining portions. A blade retaining portion may receive any part of a blade, including one or more edges and/or faces of the blade. In one embodiment, a body includes blade retaining portions to receive the anterior and posterior edges of each blade. As seen in FIG. 6, body 200 includes a first blade retaining portion 600 positioned toward anterior side 110 of first inner sidewall 634 and a second blade retaining portion 602 positioned toward posterior side 112 of first inner sidewall 634. Thus, each blade retaining portion is formed in an outer perimeter of a lateral side of main opening 640 of central hollow region 638. First blade retaining portion 600 comprises a first blade retaining channel extending through the depth of body 200 that is configured to receive an anterior edge of the first blade (see FIG. 13). Likewise, second blade retaining portion 602 comprises a second blade retaining channel extending through the depth of body 200 that is configured to receive a posterior edge of the first blade (see FIG. 13).

In some embodiments, one or more channels can be oriented in a direction that is substantially diagonal relative to the horizontal plane. In one embodiment, a channel can be oriented approximately 45 degrees relative to the horizontal plane. In other embodiments, a channel can be oriented vertically (approximately 90 degrees relative to the horizontal plane) or can be oriented between 30 degrees and 90 degrees relative to the horizontal plane. The orientation of a channel can be configured to correspond to the orientation of the anterior edges and/or posterior edges of a blade in some embodiments.

Body 200 also includes third blade retaining portion 604 and fourth retaining portion 606 for receiving the anterior and posterior edges of the second blade. This configuration may help maximize available bone graft volume within the implant since the lateral edges of the blades serve as tracks for translation. Specifically, this limits the need for additional track members on the blade that would take up additional volume in the implant. Furthermore, the arrangement of the retaining channels and the associated blade edges results in most of the volume of the retaining channels being filled by the blade edges in the retracted position, which helps prevent any graft material or BGPM (details on the effect and use of bone growth promoting material will be discussed further below) from entering the retaining channels and inhibiting normal blade travel.

Blades and Blade Actuating Component

FIG. 10 is an isometric side view of an embodiment of blade actuating component 260. A front or anterior side view of blade actuating component 260 is also shown in FIG. 11, and a lateral side view of blade actuating component 260 is depicted in FIG. 12. Referring to FIGS. 10-12, blade actuating component 260 may include a driven shaft portion 320 and a blade engaging portion 322. Driven shaft portion 320 further includes a driven end 262 along the anterior-most end of driven shaft portion 320.

In some embodiments, driven end 262 can include one or more engaging features. For example, driven shaft portion 320 can include a threaded opening 267 that is accessible from driven end 262, as best seen in FIG. 10. In some embodiments, threaded opening 267 may receive a tool with a corresponding threaded tip. With this arrangement, driven end 262 can be temporarily mated with the end of a tool (see FIG. 37) used to impact blade actuating component 260 and drive the set of blades into adjacent vertebrae. This may help to keep both the driving tool and driven end 262 aligned during the impact, as well as reduce the tendency of the driving tool to slip with respect to driven end 262. Using mating features also allows driven end 262 to be more easily “pulled” distally from implant 100, which can be used to retract the blades, should it be necessary to remove the implant or re-position the blades.

In addition, driven shaft portion 320 can be substantially elongated and/or narrow relative to blade engaging portion 322. For example, in FIGS. 10 and 12, driven shaft portion 320 is seen to comprise a substantially elongated rectangular prism. In other words, driven shaft portion 320 has a substantially rounded rectangular cross-sectional shape in the vertical plane. Furthermore, as best seen in FIG. 12, blade engaging portion 322 has a greater width in the direction aligned with vertical axis 124, and includes a generally rectangular shape with a U-shaped or wrench shaped posterior end. The size and shape of blade actuating component 260 allows driven shaft portion 320 to smoothly insert into the guide opening formed in the body (see FIG. 6) while blade engaging portion 322 is shaped and sized to be positioned in the central opening of the body (see FIG. 7) and configured to receive the blade set.

Furthermore, as will be discussed further below with respect to FIGS. 20 and 21, blade actuating component 260 includes provisions for securing or receiving a portion of the cover within the implant. For example, in FIGS. 10 and 12, blade actuating component 260 includes an actuating posterior end 1200, which includes a receiving portion 1210. Receiving portion 1210 can be sized and dimensioned to receive, fit, or be disposed around a portion of the cover in some embodiments. In one embodiment, receiving portion 1210 comprises a mouth 1220 with two prongs that are spaced apart from one another along vertical axis 124. In some cases, the two prongs can be spaced apart by a width that is substantially similar to the thickness of the cover.

A blade actuating component can include provisions for coupling with one or more blades. In some embodiments, a blade actuating component can include one or more channels. In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 10 and 11, blade engaging portion 322 includes a first channel 350 and a second channel 352. First channel 350 may be disposed in a first side surface 334 of blade actuating component 260 while second channel 352 may be disposed in a second side surface 336 of blade actuating component 260.

In addition, referring to FIG. 11, it can be seen that blade engaging portion 322 is oriented diagonally with respect to vertical axis 124. In other words, a superior end 342 of blade engaging portion 322 is offset with respect to an inferior end 344, such that the two ends are not aligned relative to vertical axis 124 when viewed from the anterior side of the component. In some embodiments, this can allow first channel 350 and second channel 352 to be approximately aligned in the vertical direction.

FIG. 13 is a schematic isometric view of a distal face 408 of first blade 241, FIG. 14 is a schematic isometric view of a proximal face 410 of first blade 241, and FIG. 15 depicts an inferior side 1330 of first blade 241. First blade 241, or simply blade 241, includes an outer edge 400 associated with inferior side 1330 of blade 241, an inner edge 402 associated with a superior side 1340, an anterior edge 404 and a posterior edge 406. These edges bind distal face 408 (i.e., a face oriented in the outwardly-facing or distal direction) and proximal face 410 (i.e., a face oriented in the inwardly-facing or proximal direction).

In different embodiments, the geometry of a blade could vary. In some embodiments, a blade could have a substantially planar geometry such that the distal face and the proximal face of the blade are each parallel with a common plane, as best shown in FIG. 15. In other embodiments, a blade could be configured with one or more bends. In some embodiments, a blade can have a channel-like geometry (ex. “C”-shaped or “S”-shaped). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, blade 241 has a U-shaped geometry with flanges. In particular, blade 241 a first channel portion 420, a second channel portion 422 and a third channel portion 424. Here, the first channel portion 420 is angled with respect to second channel portion 422 at a first bend 430. Likewise, third channel portion 424 is angled with respect to second channel portion 422 at second bend 432. Additionally, blade 241 includes a first flange 440 extending from first channel portion 420 at a third bend 434. Blade 241 also includes a second flange 442 extending from third channel portion 424 at a fourth bend 436. This geometry for blade 241 helps provide optimal strength for blade 241 compared to other planar blades of a similar size and thickness, and allowing for greater graft volume.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, blade 241 can include provisions for increasing the support or structural strength of blade 241. In one embodiment, blade 241 includes a bridge portion 1350 that is disposed or formed on distal face 408. Referring to FIG. 13, bridge portion 1350 extends between third bend 434 and fourth bend 436. Bridge portion 1350 can be configured to increase the structural support of blade 2412. In different embodiments, bridge portion 1350 can include features that provide a truss, brace, buttress, strut, joist, or other type of reinforcement to the curved or undulating structure of blade 241. In one embodiment, bridge portion 1350 is disposed nearer to the inner edge relative to the outer edge, such that bridge portion 1350 is offset relative to the distal face of the blade.

In some embodiments, bridge portion 1350 includes a relatively wide U-shaped or curved V-shaped outer sidewall 1370. In FIG. 13, outer sidewall 1370 extends between third bend 434 and fourth bend 436. Furthermore, bridge portion 1350 can have an inner sidewall (disposed on the opposite side of the bridge portion relative to the outer sidewall) that is disposed flush or continuously against the distal surfaces of first channel portion 420, second channel portion 422, and third channel portion 424, represented in FIG. 13 by a U-shaped edge 1380. In one embodiment, the U-shape associated with the inner sidewall or edge of bridge portion 1350 is substantially similar to the U-shape geometry of blade 241.

Bridge portion 1350 can also be substantially symmetrical in some embodiments. For example, in FIG. 13, bridge portion 1350 comprises a first triangular prism portion 1310 joined to a second triangular prism portion 1320 by a central curved portion. Each portion can bolster the structure of the blade, and provide resistance against the pressures applied to a blade by external forces during use of the implant. Thus, bridge portion 1350 can improve the ability of blade 241 to resist external pressures and forces and/or help maintain the specific shape of blade 241.

In the exemplary embodiment, the outer edge 400 is a penetrating edge configured to be implanted within an adjacent vertebral body. To maximize penetration, outer edge 400 may be sharpened so that blade 241 has an angled surface 409 adjacent outer edge 400. Moreover, in some embodiments, anterior edge 404 and posterior edge 406 are also sharpened in a similar manner to outer edge 400 and may act as extensions of outer edge 400 to help improve strength and penetration. It can be understood that, in some embodiments, bridge portion 1350 can also serve to help prevent the blades from extending further outward into a vertebra downward once they reach the desired deployment extension.

A blade can further include provisions for coupling with a blade actuating component. In some embodiments, a blade can include a protruding portion. In some embodiments, the protruding portion can extend away from a face of the blade and may fit within a channel in a blade actuating component. Referring to FIG. 14, blade 241 includes a protruding portion 450 that extends from proximal face 410. Protruding portion 450 may generally be sized and shaped to fit within a channel of the blade actuating component (i.e., first channel 350 shown in FIG. 11). In particular, the cross-sectional shape may fit within a channel of the blade actuating component. In some cases, the cross-sectional width of protruding portion 450 may increase between a proximal portion 452 and a distal portion 454 allowing protruding portion 450 to be interlocked within a channel as discussed in detail below.

A protruding portion may be oriented at an angle on a blade so as to fit with an angled channel in a blade actuating component. In the embodiment of FIG. 14, protruding portion 450 may be angled with respect to inner edge 402 such that the body of blade 241 is vertically oriented within the implant when protruding portion 450 is inserted within the first channel. In other words, the longest dimension of protruding portion 450 may form a protruding angle 459 with inner edge 402.

Although the above discussion is directed to first blade 241, it may be appreciated that similar principles apply for second blade 242. In particular, in some embodiments, second blade 242 may have a substantially identical geometry to first blade 241. Furthermore, while reference is made to a superior side and inferior side with respect to the first blade, it will be understood that, in some embodiments, the orientation of the second blade can differ such that the inner edge is associated with the inferior side and the outer edge is associated with the superior side.

As noted above, each blade may be associated with the blade engaging portion of the blade actuating component. In FIG. 16, an exploded isometric view is shown with blade actuating component 260, first blade 241, and second blade 242, and in FIG. 17, first blade 241 and second blade 242 are assembled within blade actuating component 260. It can be seen that protruding portion 450 of first blade 241 fits into first channel 350. Likewise, protruding portion 455 of second blade 242 fits into second channel 352. Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, blade engaging portion 322 may comprise a superior surface 330, an inferior surface 332, a first side surface 334, and a second side surface 336. Here, first side surface 334 may be a first lateral side facing surface and second side surface 336 may be a second lateral side facing side surface.

Each channel that is formed in blade engaging portion 322 is seen to extend at an angle between superior surface 330 and inferior surface 332 of blade engaging portion 322. For example, as best seen in FIG. 16, first channel 350 has a first end 354 open along superior surface 330 and a second end 356 open along inferior surface 332. Moreover, first end 354 is disposed further from driven shaft portion 320 than second end 356. Likewise, second channel 352 includes opposing ends on superior surface 330 and inferior surface 332, though in this case the end disposed at superior surface 330 is disposed closer to driven shaft portion 320 than the end disposed at inferior surface 332.

In different embodiments, the angle of each channel could be selected to provide proper blade extension for varying implant sizes. As used herein, the angle of a channel is defined to be the angle formed between the channel and a transverse plane of the blade actuating component. In the embodiment of FIGS. 16 and 17, first channel 350 forms a first angle with transverse plane 370 of blade actuating component 260, while second channel 352 forms a second angle with transverse plane 370. In the exemplary embodiment, the first angle and the second angle are equal to provide balanced reactive forces as the blades are deployed. By configuring the blades and blade actuating component in this manner, each blade is deployed about a centerline (e.g., transverse plane 370) of the blade actuating component, which helps minimize friction and binding loads between these parts during blade deployment. Additionally, the arrangement helps provide balanced reaction forces to reduce insertion effort and friction.

In different embodiments, the angle of each channel could vary. In some embodiments, a channel could be oriented at any angle between 15 and 75 degrees. In other embodiments, a channel could be oriented at any angle between 35 and 65 degrees. Moreover, in some embodiments, the angle of a channel may determine the angle of a protruding portion in a corresponding blade. For example, protruding angle 459 formed between protruding portion 450 and inner edge 402 of blade 241 (see FIG. 14) may be approximately equal to the angle formed between first channel 350 and transverse plane 370. This keeps the outer penetrating edge of blade 241 approximately horizontal so that the degree of penetration does not vary at different sections of the blade.

Furthermore, as seen in FIG. 16, each channel has a cross-sectional shape that facilitates a coupling or fit with a corresponding portion of a blade. As an example, channel 350 has an opening 355 on first side surface 334 with an opening width 390. At a location 357 that is proximal to opening 355, channel 350 has a width 392 that is greater than opening width 390. This provides a cross-sectional shape for channel 350 that allows for a sliding joint with a corresponding part of first blade 241. In the exemplary embodiment, first channel 350 and second channel 352 are configured with dovetail cross-sectional shapes. In other embodiments, however, other various cross-sectional shapes could be used that would facilitate a similar sliding joint connection with a correspondingly shaped part. In other words, in other embodiments, any geometry for a blade and a blade actuating component could be used where the blade and blade actuating component include corresponding mating surfaces of some kind. In addition, in some embodiments, blade engaging portion 322 may be contoured at the superior and inferior surfaces to resist subsidence and allow maximum blade deployment depth. This geometry may also help to keep the blade engaging portion 322 centered between vertebral endplates. As an example, the contouring of superior surface 330 and inferior surface 332 in the present embodiment is best seen in the enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. 17.

Each channel may be associated with a first channel direction and an opposing second channel direction. For example, as best seen in FIG. 10, first channel 350 may be associated with a first channel direction 460 that is directed towards superior surface 330 along the length of first channel 350. Likewise, first channel 350 includes a second channel direction 462 that is directed towards inferior surface 332 along the length of first channel 350.

With first protruding portion 450 of first blade 241 disposed in first channel 350, first protruding portion 450 can slide in first channel direction 460 or second channel direction 462. As first protruding portion 450 slides in first channel direction 460, first blade 241 moves vertically with respect to blade actuating component 260 such that first blade 241 extends outwardly on a superior side of the implant to a deployed position (see FIGS. 26-27). As first protruding portion 450 slides in second channel direction 462, first blade 241 moves vertically with respect to blade actuating component 260 such that first blade 241 is retracted within housing 201 of implant 100 (see FIG. 28). In a similar manner, second protruding portion 455 of second blade 242 may slide in first and second channel directions of second channel 352 such that second blade 242 can be extended and retracted from implant 100 on an inferior side (see FIGS. 25-28). By using this configuration, blade actuating component 260 propels both blades in opposing directions, thereby balancing the reactive loads and minimizing cantilevered loads and friction on the guide bar.

As shown in the cross section of FIG. 17, the fit between each blade and the respective channel in blade actuating component 260 may be configured to resist motion in directions orthogonal to the corresponding channel directions. For example, with first protruding portion 450 inserted within first channel 350, first blade 241 can translate along first channel direction 460 or second channel direction 462, but may not move in a direction 465 that is perpendicular to first channel direction 460 and second channel direction 462 (i.e., blade 241 cannot translate in a direction perpendicular to the length of first channel 350). Specifically, as previously mentioned, the corresponding cross-sectional shapes of first channel 350 and first protruding portion 450 are such that first protruding portion 450 cannot fit through the opening in first channel 350 on first side surface 334 of blade actuating component 260.

In some embodiments, each protruding portion forms a sliding dovetail connection or joint with a corresponding channel. Using dovetail tracks on the blade actuating component and corresponding dovetail features on the posterior and anterior blades allows axial movement along the angle of inclination while preventing disengagement under loads encountered during blade impaction and retraction. By preventing disengagement under loads, the dovetail connection provides a substantially rigid continuity between the superior blade, the blade actuating component, and the inferior blade. This substantially rigid continuity may provide strength, stability, and resistance to fatigue in compression, sheer, and torsion. Accordingly, this substantially rigid continuity between the superior blade, the blade actuating component, and the inferior blade may provide the similar structural benefits as a plate screwed to the vertebral bodies bridging the annulotomy, as is commonly used for spinal fusion procedures.

In FIG. 17, first protruding portion 450 forms a sliding dovetail joint with first channel 350. Of course, the embodiments are not limited to dovetail joints and other fits/joints, where the opening in a channel is smaller than the widest part of a protruding portion of a blade could be used. For example, in some embodiments, a T-shaped protrusion and corresponding slot may be used (see, e.g., FIG. 45). As a further alternative, a rectangular shaped protrusion and corresponding slot may be used (see, e.g., FIG. 46).

It may be appreciated that in other embodiments, the geometry of the interconnecting parts between a blade and a blade actuating component could be reversed. For example, in another embodiment, a blade could comprise one or more channels and a blade actuating component could include corresponding protrusions to fit in the channels. In such embodiments, both the protruding portion of the blade actuating component and the channels in the blades could have corresponding dovetail geometries.

Body and Cover

As discussed above with respect to FIG. 5, embodiments of implant 100 can include a cover 220 that is configured to close or bridge the posterior opening of body 200 and help secure the various components of implant 100 together. FIG. 18 is a schematic isometric superior-side view of an embodiment of cover 220, and is a schematic isometric inferior-side view of an embodiment of cover 220. Referring to FIGS. 18 and 19, cover 220 includes one or more openings for engaging different parts of implant 100. For example, cover 220 may include a first pin hole 227 and a second pin hole 228 that are configured to receive a first pin and a second pin, respectively (see FIG. 5). Each pin hole can comprise a through-hole that extends from the superior surface to the inferior surface of cover 220, though in other embodiments pin holes can be blind holes. Moreover, first pin hole 227 and second pin hole 228 (shown in FIGS. 18 and 19) of cover 220 may be aligned with corresponding holes in the body, as discussed below.

FIG. 20 is a schematic isometric exploded view of body 200 and cover 220. FIG. 21 is a schematic isometric assembled view of body 200 and cover 220, together forming housing 201 of implant 100. Specifically, in some embodiments, cover 220 can be inserted into the recesses associated with a posterior end 2000 of body 200. In addition, first pin hole 227 and second pin hole 228 shown in FIG. 20 can be aligned with the pin receiving openings of body 200 comprising between two and four through-hole channels in posterior end 2000. In FIG. 20, first end portion 696 includes a third pin hole 2030 in a superior portion of first end portion 696 and a fourth pin hole 2040 in an inferior portion of first end portion 696. Similarly, second end portion 698 includes a fifth pin hole 2050 in a superior portion of second end portion 698 and a sixth pin hole 2060 in an inferior portion of second end portion 698. When cover 220 is received by body 200, as shown in FIG. 21, third pin hole 2030 and the fourth pin hole are aligned with the first pin hole of cover 220, and fifth pin hole 2050 and the sixth pin hole are aligned with the second pin hole of cover 220. Other embodiments may have a fewer or greater number of pin holes. In some embodiments, body 200 may only include third pin hole 2030 and fifth pin hole 2050, for example. Once cover 220 has been inserted into body 200, first pin 291 and second pin 292 (see FIG. 20) can be inserted into the two sets of pin holes to fasten or secure the body to the cover.

Insertion Position and Deployed Position of Implant

As noted above, the embodiments described herein provide an implant that can move from a first position (the “insertion position”), which allows the implant to maintain a low profile, to a second position (the “impaction position” or the “deployed position”), that deploys the blades and inserts them into the proximal superior and inferior vertebral bodies. While the implant is in the first (insertion) position, the blades of the device may be retracted within the body of the implant (i.e., the blades may themselves be in a “retracted position”). In the second (deployed) position of the implant, the blades extend superiorly (or cranially) or inferiorly (or caudally) beyond the implant and into the vertebral bodies to prevent the implant from moving out of position over time. Thus, the blades themselves may be said to be in an “extended position” or “deployed position”. When the blades are deployed, the implant resists left to right rotation and resists flexion and/or extension. It may be appreciated that, although the blades may approximately move in vertical directions (i.e., the superior and inferior directions), the actual direction of travel may vary from one embodiment to another. For example, in some embodiments the blades may be slightly angled within the implant and may deploy at slight angles relative to a vertical direction (or to the inferior/superior directions).

FIGS. 4, 21, and 22-24 illustrate several views of implant 100 in different operating modes or operating positions. Specifically, FIG. 4 is a schematic isometric anterior side view of implant 100 in an insertion position. FIG. 21 is a schematic isometric posterior side view of implant 100 in the same insertion position of FIG. 4. Referring to FIG. 4, in the insertion position, driven end 262 of blade actuating component 260 may be disposed distal to the chamber portion of body 200 (i.e., a portion of blade actuating component 260 is disposed or extends through the chamber portion). With implant 100 in the insertion position, first blade 241 and second blade 242 are retracted within housing 201. Thus, as best seen in FIGS. 4 and 21, neither first blade 241 nor second blade 242 extend outwardly (distally) from superior side 130 or inferior side 140, respectively, of implant 100. In this insertion position, implant 100 has a compact profile and can be more easily maneuvered into place in the excised disc space between adjacent vertebrae.

FIG. 22 is a schematic isometric view of implant 100 in a deployed position. FIG. 23 is a schematic anterior side view of implant 100 in the same deployed position of FIG. 22. FIG. 24 is a schematic lateral side view of implant 100 in the same deployed position of FIG. 23. Referring to FIG. 23, in the deployed position, driven end 262 of blade actuating component 260 may be disposed proximally to an anterior opening 2250 formed in the outer periphery of body 200 (i.e., the entirety of blade actuating component 260 is disposed within implant 100). With implant 100 in the deployed position, first blade 241 and second blade 242 are extended outwards from superior side 130 and inferior side 140, respectively, so as to be inserted into adjacent vertebral bodies. Furthermore, each blade remains positioned in the central hollow region of the body in both the retracted and extended positions. For example, an inner edge of each blade is disposed in a central hollow region of the housing in the retracted position, and the inner edge of the blade remains in the central hollow region in the extended position.

In some embodiments, one or more blades could be deployed at a slight angle, relative to the normal directions on the superior and inferior surfaces of the implant. In some embodiments, one or more blades could be oriented at an angle between 0 and 30 degrees. In other embodiments, one or more blades could be oriented at an angle that is greater than 30 degrees. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 23, first blade 241 and second blade 242 are both oriented at a slight angle from normal axis 251. Specifically, first blade 241 forms a first angle 250 with normal axis 251 and second blade 242 forms a second angle 252 with normal axis 251. In one embodiment, first angle 250 and second angle 252 are both approximately 10 degrees. Angling the blades in this way may help keep first blade 241 and second blade 242 approximately centered in the adjacent vertebrae upon deployment. In an exemplary embodiment, the common anterior implant blade angle is chosen to keep the blades close to the centerline of the vertebral body to minimize rotational loads on the vertebral bodies during blade deployment, and also to provide an optional cover plate screw clearance. In addition, it can be seen in FIG. 23 that the outer edge of each blade is positioned toward a central region of the implant when the blade is deployed, such that the outer edge is positioned centrally relative to the housing in the extended position.

The extension of each blade could vary in different embodiments. In some embodiments, a blade could extend outwardly by a length between 0% and 100% of the depth of an implant. In still other embodiments, combined blade height could extend outwardly by a length between 100% and 130% of the depth of an implant. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 22-24, first blade 241 and second blade 242 combined may be coverable of extending outwardly from implant 100 by an amount equal to 110% of the depth of implant 100. This can be done while still keeping the blades fully retracted within implant 100 since the blades are guided by two robust parallel tracks in body 200 and also by angled cross channels in blade actuating component 260, thus constraining all six axes of motion. In other embodiments, the combined blade height at deployment could be less than 100%. In one embodiment, the implant could be designed so that the combined blade height is less than 10 mm to reduce the risk of fracturing the adjacent vertebral bodies. In another embodiment, the implant has a combined blade height of 6 mm or less.

Furthermore, as disclosed in the “Implant With Deployable Blades” application, in some embodiments, implant 100 can use a three-point attachment configuration for each of first blade 241 and second blade 242. Specifically, each blade is received along its lateral edges by two blade retaining portions, and also coupled to blade actuating component 260, using the dovetail connection described above. In other words, anterior edge 404 of first blade 241 is received within the first blade retaining channel of first blade retaining portion 600. Posterior edge 406 of first blade 241 is received within a second retaining channel of second blade retaining portion 602. Moreover, distal face 408 of first blade 241 remains unattached to any other elements of implant 100. Not only does first blade 241 remain unattached along distal face 408, but the entirety of distal face 408 between anterior edge 404 and posterior edge 406 is spaced apart from (i.e., not in contact with) all other elements of implant 100. Further, second blade 242 is likewise attached at its lateral edges to corresponding blade retaining portions, and also coupled to blade actuating component 260 using a sliding dovetail connection. Thus, first blade 241 and second blade 242 are held in implant 100 using a three-point attachment configuration that may limit unwanted friction on first blade 241 and second blade 242 during impaction. It may be appreciated that the fit between each blade and each blade retaining channel may provide sufficient clearance to allow for translation of the blades along the retaining channels. In other words, the fit may not be so tight as to impede movement of the lateral edges within the retaining channels.

In different embodiments, the cross-sectional geometry of channels in one or more blade retaining portions could vary. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional geometry could be rounded. In the embodiments disclosed herein, first blade retaining portion 600 (see FIG. 22) has a rectangular blade retaining channel. This rectangular geometry for the blade tracks or channels and tolerance allows for precise axial travel without binding from actuation ramp angular variations. In some embodiments, the posterior edge and anterior edge of each blade may remain in the tracks or channels of each blade retaining portion while the blades are retracted to prevent bone graft material from restricting free deployment of the blades.

Using an interlocking joint, such as a dovetail sliding joint, to connect the blades and a blade actuating component helps prevent the blades from decoupling from the blade actuating component during impact. Additionally, with an interlocking joint the blade actuating component can be used to retract the blades.

FIGS. 25-28 illustrate several schematic views of implant 100 during an impact sequence (FIGS. 25-27) as well as during a step of retracting the blades (FIG. 28). In FIGS. 25-28, housing 201 of implant 100 is shown in phantom to better show blade actuating component 260, first blade 241 and second blade 242. Also, each of FIGS. 25-28 include cross-sectional views of a section of blade actuating component 260, first blade 241 and second blade 242 to better illustrate the coupling between these parts during actuation.

In FIG. 25, implant 100 is in the insertion position, with first blade 241 and second blade 242 fully retracted within housing 201. Next, as seen in FIG. 26, an impacting force 700 is applied to driven end 262 of blade actuating component 260. As blade actuating component 260 is translated towards posterior side 112 of implant 100, blade actuating component 260 applies forces to first blade 241 and second blade 242 along first channel 350 and second channel 352, respectively. Specifically, the orientation of first channel 350 is such that first blade 241 is forced towards the inferior side of implant 100. Likewise, the orientation of second channel 352 is such that second blade 242 is forced towards the superior side of implant 100. However, in other embodiments, the channel orientations can be switched such that first blade 241 is forced towards the inferior side of implant 100 and second blade 242 is forced towards the superior side of implant 100.

Furthermore, the interlocking connection between first protruding portion 450 and first channel 350 (as well as between second protruding portion 455 and second channel 352) means that both blades remain coupled to the motion of blade actuating component 260 at all times. It should be noted that since both blades are restricted from moving in a longitudinal direction, the resulting motion of each blade is purely vertical. Moreover, using the dovetail-shaped protruding portions for each blade means the protruding portions are both lifting at the center line to limit any cocking force or rotational moments that could result in increased (friction) resistance to motion or binding of these moving parts.

Using this configuration, the forces deploying the blades are balanced through the blade actuating component 260 in order to minimize friction and binding between driven shaft portion 320 and the guide opening in body 200 (see FIG. 6), which helps to guide blade actuating component 260 and keep its motion restricted to directions parallel to the longitudinal axis (see FIG. 2).

In FIG. 27, implant 100 has been placed in the fully deployed position, with both first blade 241 and second blade 242 fully extended from implant 100. As seen in the cross-sectional view, both first blade 241 and second blade 242 remain coupled with blade actuating component 260 when implant 100 is in the fully deployed position. Because of this coupling, the motion of blade actuating component 260 can be reversed to retract first blade 241 and second blade 242, as shown in FIG. 28.

It may be appreciated that in some embodiments a blade actuating component (e.g., blade actuating component 260) may function to support adjacent vertebral bodies. This is can be accomplished by using a blade actuating component with a height similar to the height of the outer support structure so that the superior and inferior surfaces of the blade actuating component may come into contact with the vertebral bodies following implantation. Since the blade actuating component functions as a load bearing structure within the implant, this may free up additional space in the implant otherwise occupied by additional support structures, thereby increasing the internal volume available for bone graft or BGPMs.

Referring to FIG. 28, driven end 262 of blade actuating component 260 may be pulled in an opposing direction to the motion shown in FIG. 26. For example, in some embodiments a delivery tool can be coupled to driven end 262 using a threaded connector. Then, as the tip of the delivery tool is retracted, a retracting or pulling force 710 may be applied to drive end 262. As blade actuating component 260 (and specifically, blade engaging portion 322) is pulled towards anterior side 110 of implant 100, blade actuating component 260 applies forces to first blade 241 and second blade 242 along first channel 350 and second channel 352, respectively. Specifically, the orientation of first channel 350 is such that first blade 241 is forced towards the superior side of implant 100. Likewise, the orientation of second channel 352 is such that second blade 242 is forced towards the inferior side of implant 100. Although not shown, applying sufficient force at driven end 262 may result in full retraction of first blade 241 and second blade 242 so that implant 100 is returned to the insertion position shown in FIG. 25.

As noted above, body 200 may include guide opening 222 that receives a portion of blade actuating component 260. When the implant is in the deployed position, the driven shaft portion can be disposed securely in the chamber portion. In some embodiments, the chamber portion of guide opening 222 may have a shape that matches the cross-sectional shape of a driven shaft portion of a blade actuating component. In some embodiments, both the chamber portion and the driven shaft portion of the blade actuating component have rectangular cross-sectional shapes (see FIGS. 9 and 11). This configuration may allow axial motion, but control rotational and angular loads that could result during blade impaction.

Locking Screw

FIGS. 29 and 30 illustrate two schematic views of locking screw 280, according to an embodiment. Locking screw 280 can be a type of threaded fastener in some embodiments. In FIG. 29, locking screw 280 includes a flanged head 282 with a threaded segment portion 284 and further includes a substantially smooth and elongated body portion 288. Threaded segment portion 284 is sized and dimensioned to engage with the grooved portion of the body (see FIG. 33 below). Flanged head 282 can also include a receiving recess 2900 which can engage with a driving tool in order to secure the locking screw within the implant. Thus, although body portion 288 is disposed within threaded opening of the blade actuating component when the screw lock is secured, body portion 288 need not engage or lock with the threading associated with the threaded opening.

Implant 100 can include provisions for securing the implant 100 in the deployed position. Referring to the exploded isometric view of FIG. 31, guide opening 222 can include a grooved portion 3100 that is formed directly adjacent to the chamber portion. Grooved portion 3100 can have a round cross-sectional shape in the vertical plane, and has a wider diameter relative to the diameter or width of the chamber portion. The diameter of grooved portion 3100 can be configured to mate with the diameter of the flanged head. In one embodiment, grooved portion 3100 is disposed directly adjacent to the outermost anterior periphery of guide opening 222. As locking screw 280 is inserted into the anterior side of guide opening 222 (see FIG. 32), threaded segment portion 284 that extends around flanged head 282 of locking screw 280 can engage with grooved portion 3100, securing locking screw 280 to body 200. When in this position, body portion 288 of locking screw 280 can also be disposed through the passageway of threaded opening 267 of blade actuating component 260. As shown best in the partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 32, when implant 100 is in the deployed position, a portion of driven shaft portion 320 is disposed within chamber 492 of guide opening 222, primarily comprising the portion of driven shaft portion 320 that includes threaded opening 267. Furthermore, flanged head 282 of locking screw 280 extends from anterior opening 2250 through grooved portion 3100, and body portion 288 of locking screw 280 extends through threaded opening 267 of driven shaft portion 320. Flanged head 282 is prevented from moving further into guide opening 222 because of the larger diameter of flanged head 282 relative to body portion 288. Thus, it can be understood that the insertion of the implant and the deployment of the blades of the implant occur through the engagement of an insertion tool within only a single guide opening 222, improving surgical efficiency and safety.

Alternate Blade Actuating Component

In different embodiments, an implant can utilize different types of components to provide the features and functions described herein. In some embodiments, the features of a blade actuating component can be adjusted in order to facilitate the use of an implant with a variety of surgical requirements. For example, in some embodiments, an alternate embodiment of a second blade actuating component (“second actuating component”) 3300 can be placed within the housing of the body, as shown in FIG. 33. In FIG. 33, second actuating component 3300 is configured with a receiving portion 3350 with a mouth 3320 that is greater in width than the embodiment of the actuating blade component presented above. Adjustments to the size of a mouth in the receiving portion of a blade actuating component can correspond to changes in the dimensions or shape of a cover, bridge piece, or cap that is used in the implant.

In addition, to allow an implant to withstand varying forces and work with different blade types, the height and/or other dimensions of the blade engaging portion can be increased or decreased. For example, in FIG. 12, blade actuating component 260 has a first maximum height 1230, and in FIG. 33, second actuating component 3300 has a second maximum height 3330. First maximum height 1230 is less than second maximum height 3330, such that blade actuating component 260 can be inserted into a smaller region of the human body. However, when the blades being used must be increased in size, the greater height of second actuating component 3300 provides the structural support to the device. In addition, second actuating component 3300 includes diagonal portions 3340 disposed toward the center of the actuating component that can extend the length of channels 3310 and support additional blade weight. In some embodiments, diagonal portions 3340 are integrally formed with second actuating component 3300. In addition, diagonal portions 3340 can add a curved or sloped interface to the actuating component relative to blade actuating component described earlier (see FIG. 12) in which the intersection between drive shaft portion 320 and blade engaging portion 322 is substantially perpendicular.

In order to provide greater detail with respect to the initial insertion position and the deployed position, FIGS. 34 and 35 provide two cross-sectional views of the implant prior to the application of an impacting force (see FIG. 26) and subsequent to the application of the impacting force. It should be noted that while FIGS. 34 and 35 employ second actuating component 3300, the general operation and transition from insertion to deployment of implant 100 remains substantially the same to the process described above with respect to blade actuating component 260. In FIG. 34, second actuating component 3300 is disposed such that driven end 262 extends distally outward and away from an anterior end 3400 of body 200. The remainder of second actuating component 3300 is positioned such that it is offset relative to the interior space of the implant along posterior-anterior axis 122. In other words, the majority of blade engaging portion 322 is disposed nearer to anterior end 3400 than to posterior end 2000 of body 200 in the insertion position.

However, when an impacting force is applied to driven end 262, the substantial entirety of second actuating component 3300 can be disposed within the internal space of the body. Furthermore, actuating posterior end 1200 can move translationally from the main opening of the central hollow region in body 200 toward the posterior opening. It can be seen that a portion of posterior opening 642 is filled with or bridged by a central portion of cover 220. As actuating posterior end 1200 approaches the posterior opening, receiving portion 1210 comprising the two-pronged mouth shown in FIG. 33 can slide or be positioned above the superior surface and below the inferior surface of cover 220, helping to secure the assembly in place and forming a continuous outer surface.

Furthermore, as noted above, in FIG. 34 it can be seen that threaded opening 267 of driven shaft portion 320 can be configured to receive a threaded driving tool. In addition, as shown in FIG. 35, threaded flanged head 282 of the locking screw engages with grooved portion 3100 formed in the structure of body 200, and the locking screw body is smoothly inserted within the channel provided by threaded opening 267. Driven end 262 can be positioned directly adjacent to the posterior end of grooved portion 3100 when implant 100 is in the deployed position. In other words, once implant 100 is in the deployed position, driven end 262 is disposed such that it is spaced apart from the outer opening formed in body 200 by the region comprising grooved portion 3100.

Insertion Process

As noted above, embodiments of implant 100 can make use of features or structures disclosed in the “Insertion Tool For Implant And Methods of Use” application. In some embodiments, implant 100 can be configured for use with a single tool that can significantly facilitate the implantation process. For example, whether a surgeon approaches the disc space from an anterior approach can be dependent on how comfortable the surgeon is with the anterior approach and operating around the aorta and vena cava. By approaching a patient from the anterior side, there can be a risk of vessel injury, as the aorta and vena cava lie in front of the spine. However, the benefits of added stability and fusion area very often outweigh the risks of the extra surgery, and the process of deployment provided herein can help lower such risks.

In some embodiments, body 200 may include attachment points for an insertion instrument. In FIGS. 36 and 37, a portion of an insertion tool 3600 is shown with implant 100. In FIG. 36, insertion tool 3600 is shown as it holds or grasps implant 100. In FIG. 37, the same view of FIG. 36 is shown in a partial cross-section to reveal the engagement of a threaded driver 3610 in guide opening 222.

Body 200 may include provisions for interacting with insertion tool 3600. For example, as seen in FIG. 37, body 200 may include a first cavity 580 and a second cavity 582 (where first cavity 580 refers to first aperture 480 as identified in FIG. 6). Each of first cavity 580 and second cavity 582 may receive the ends of an insertion tool 3600 to improve the grip of the tool on implant 100 during insertion into (or removal from) between the vertebrae of the spine. Furthermore, the same insertion tool 3600 can be utilized to transition implant 100 from the insertion position to the deployed position. As shown in FIGS. 36 and 37, insertion tool 3600 can be used to grasp the implant body. While the implant body is grasped by two gripping jaws 3620, the blade actuating component can be controlled and/or driven by threaded driver 3610. This arrangement can maintain the blades in a retracted position during implant insertion and transfers the impact loads from the surgeon when the threaded cover is removed from the proximal end. Thus, the insertion step, deployment step, and locking screw insertion step can occur through the use of a single tool, and through interaction primarily with only the anterior facing side of the implant. Furthermore, as blade actuating component is pushed inward or outward, there is rotation associated with the threaded driver. The use of insertion tool 3600 and the single guide opening 222 allows the rotation to be generally enclosed or shielded within the jaws of the insertion tool. This process can serve to reduce the risks associated with the insertion of various foreign objects into the patient.

Implant Dimensions

In different embodiments, the size of an implant could vary. In some embodiments, an implant could have any length. Embodiments could have lengths ranging from 40 mm to 60 mm. In some cases, a manufacturer could provide multiple implant options with lengths varying between 40 mm and 60 mm in 5 mm increments. In some embodiments, an implant could have any height. Embodiments could have a height ranging from 4 mm to 16 mm. In some cases, a manufacturer could provide implants with heights varying from 4 mm to 16 mm in 2 mm increments. Embodiments could have widths (i.e., size along the posterior-anterior axis) of 18 mm, 22 mm, 26 mm as well as other sizes.

Embodiments can also be constructed with various lordosis angles, that is, angles of incline between the posterior and anterior sides. Embodiments could be configured with lordosis angles of 8, 15 and 20 degrees, for example. In other embodiments, other lordosis angles could be used for an implant. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the blades can be angled to accommodate additional implants or other implanted devices in the spine that are located at adjacent levels, fostering stabilization in the patient's system.

Alignment Features

Embodiments may optionally include one or more alignment features. Exemplary alignment features include, but are not limited to, windows for fluoroscopy positioning, windows for blade deployment validation, windows for aligning a blade actuating component with one or more blades, as well as various other kinds of alignment features. Referring to FIG. 4, body 200 of implant 100 includes a central alignment window (referred to as fourth aperture 486 in FIG. 4). Additionally, as shown in FIG. 13, blade 241 includes an alignment window 297. Alignment window 297 may align with the central alignment window when blade 241 is fully retracted. Moreover, blade actuating component 260 includes an actuating alignment window 277, as shown in FIG. 12. Actuating alignment window 277 may align with the implant body center line when the first blade and the second blade are fully deployed or fully retracted. One or more of these windows (i.e., the central alignment window or actuating alignment window 277) may also facilitate fluoroscopy positioning and may be used to confirm blade deployment. For example, in some cases, when the first blade and the second blade are fully deployed, the blades may clear actuating alignment window 277 of blade actuating component 260.

In some embodiments, the dovetail connections can help to more precisely control the blade position in both directions. Some embodiments of the implant may also include one or more stroke limiting stops. For example, there may be two stroke limiting stops formed on blade actuating component 260. These stops may help to prevent over travel of blade actuating component 260. Specifically, a stroke limiting stop may contact the internal surfaces of body 200. In other words, the blade actuating component has a limited stroke dictated by the length of its distal portion and the inside depth of the implant, measured from the inside of the implant proximal wall and the inside surface of the cover that is pinned in place.

Implantation

Some embodiments may use a bone growth promoting material, including bone graft or bone graft substitute material. As used herein, a “bone growth promoting material” (BGPM) is any material that helps bone growth. Bone growth promoting materials may include provisions that are freeze dried onto a surface or adhered to the metal through the use of linker molecules or a binder. Examples of bone growth promoting materials are any materials including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), such as BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, and BMP-7. These are hormones that convert stem cells into bone forming cells. Further examples include recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs), such as rhBMP-2, rhBMP-4, and rhBMP-7. Still further examples include platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), collagen, BMP mimetic peptides, as well as RGD peptides. Generally, combinations of these chemicals may also be used. These chemicals can be applied using a sponge, matrix or gel.

Some bone growth promoting materials may also be applied to an implantable prosthesis through the use of a plasma spray or electrochemical techniques. Examples of these materials include, but are not limited to, hydroxyapatite, beta tri-calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, as well as other chemicals.

A bone growth promoting material can include, or may be used in combination with a bone graft or a bone graft substitute. A variety of materials may serve as bone grafts or bone graft substitutes, including autografts (harvested from the iliac crest of the patient's body), allografts, demineralized bone matrix, and various synthetic materials.

Some embodiments may use autograft. Autograft provides the spinal fusion with calcium collagen scaffolding for the new bone to grow on (osteoconduction). Additionally, autograft contains bone-growing cells, mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblast that regenerate bone. Lastly, autograft contains bone-growing proteins, including bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), to foster new bone growth in the patient.

Bone graft substitutes may comprise synthetic materials including calcium phosphates or hydroxyapatites, stem cell containing products which combine stem cells with one of the other classes of bone graft substitutes, and growth factor containing matrices such as INFUSE® (rhBMP-2-containing bone graft) from Medtronic, Inc.

It should be understood that the provisions listed here are not meant to be an exhaustive list of possible bone growth promoting materials, bone grafts or bone graft substitutes.

In some embodiments, BGPM may be applied to one or more outer surfaces of an implant. In other embodiments, BGPM may be applied to internal volumes within an implant. In still other embodiments, BGPM may be applied to both external surfaces and internally within an implant.

Materials

The various components of an implant may be fabricated from biocompatible materials suitable for implantation in a human body, including but not limited to, metals (e.g. titanium, titanium alloy, stainless steel, cobalt-chrome, or other metals), synthetic polymers (e.g. PEEK or PEKK), ceramics, and/or their combinations, depending on the particular application and/or preference of a medical practitioner.

Generally, the implant can be formed from any suitable biocompatible, non-degradable material with sufficient strength. Typical materials include, but are not limited to, titanium, biocompatible titanium alloys (e.g. Titanium Aluminides (including gamma Titanium Aluminides), Ti₆—Al₄—V ELI (ASTM F 136 and ASTM F 3001), or Ti₆—Al₄—V (ASTM F 1108, ASTM F 1472, and ASTM F 2989) and inert, biocompatible polymers, such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK) (e.g. PEEK-OPTIMA®, Invibio Inc., Zeniva®, Solvay Inc., or others). Optionally, the implant contains a radiopaque marker to facilitate visualization during imaging when constructed of radiolucent biomaterials.

In different embodiments, processes for making an implant can vary. In some embodiments, the entire implant may be manufactured and assembled via traditional and CNC machining, injection-molding, cast or injection molding, insert-molding, co-extrusion, pultrusion, transfer molding, overmolding, compression molding, 3-Dimensional (3-D) printing, dip-coating, spray-coating, powder-coating, porous-coating, milling from a solid stock material and their combinations.

In one embodiment, body 200 may be produced by additive manufacturing. Specifically, body 200 may be produced using Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) using powder Ti-6A1-4V ELI, and then traditional or CNC machining in specific locations to precise dimensions. Moreover, in one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, blade actuating component 260, first blade 241, second blade 242, cover 220, pins 290 and locking screw 280 may also be made of a material including titanium.

FIG. 38 is a schematic perspective anterior view of an implant according to another embodiment. In some cases, the implant shown in FIG. 38 may be formed at least in part from polyether ether ketone (PEEK). Because PEEK has different physical properties than metals, such as titanium, the PEEK components of the implant can be reinforced to provide the desired structural characteristics. In some embodiments, the peripheral frame of the implant may be a solid body, as opposed to a lattice or truss structure. Also, in some embodiments, additional portions of the peripheral frame may be configured to abut the blades to resist expulsion forces. Also, the implant may include one or more radiopaque markers disposed in the PEEK sections of the implant. Such radiopaque markers may be formed of any suitable radiopaque material. In some embodiments, the radiopaque markers may be formed of tantalum. Further, the insertion tool receiving recesses may be formed in portions of the implant that are reinforced. For example, in some embodiments, a lip portion for engaging the insertion tool may have a thickness that has substantially the same dimension as the recess.

FIG. 38 shows an intervertebral fusion implant 4000. Implant 4000 may include a housing 4201. Housing 4201 may have a peripheral frame 5005. Peripheral frame 5005 may include an inner edge 5010 defining a central opening 4638 in a central portion of implant 4000. As shown in FIG. 38, Implant 4000 may have an anterior side 4110, a posterior side 4112, a first lateral side 4114, a second lateral side 4116, a superior side 4130, and an inferior side 4140.

Implant 4000 may also include extendable blades configured to engage with vertebrae adjacent to implant 4000 when implanted. The extendable blades may have a configuration similar to the blades in other embodiments discussed above. As shown in FIG. 38, the blades may include a first blade 4241 located within central opening 4638. First blade 4241 may have a retracted position in housing 4201, in which first blade 4241 does not extend beyond superior side 4130. First blade 4241 may also have an extended position where first blade 4241 extends outwardly from housing 4201. Implant 4000 may include a blade actuating component 4260 configured to be translated to move the blades between the retracted position and the extended position. The blade actuating component 4260 may include a driven shaft portion and a blade engaging portion (see FIG. 41, and discussion above regarding the blade actuating component in other embodiments).

As shown in FIG. 38, peripheral frame 5005 may include a first end (e.g., anterior side 4110) having a threaded opening 5080 and a guide opening adjacent threaded opening 5080. The guide opening may receive a driven end of blade actuating component 4260. Implant 4000 may include a locking screw 4280, which may be secured within threaded opening 5080. Locking screw 4280 can be rotated between an unlocked rotational stop position, in which the driven end of blade actuating component 4260 can pass through the guide opening, and into a locked rotational stop position, in which the drive end of blade actuating component 4260 is prevented from moving through the guide opening.

As shown in FIG. 38, implant 4000 may further include a pin 6020 that extends through peripheral frame 5005 and engages with a rotation constraining groove 5085 of locking screw 4280. The threaded portion of locking screw 4280 may include a rotation constraining groove 5085, wherein rotation constraining groove 5085 includes a first groove end and a second groove end. Rotation constraining groove 5085 may extend less than one full rotation around the circumference of the threaded portion of locking screw 4280. Pin 6020 may extend partially through peripheral frame 5005 and engage rotation constraining groove 5085 to prevent removal of locking screw 4280 in order to secure blade actuating component 4260 within peripheral frame 5005 of implant 4000. The configuration of pin 6020 and locking screw 4280 is further shown and described in Sack, U.S. Patent Publication Number 2018/0104068, published on Apr. 19, 2018, currently U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/296,902, filed on Oct. 18, 2016 and titled “Implant With Deployable Blades,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

In some embodiments, the implant may be provided with a significant lordotic angle. That is, the housing may be formed with a lordotic angle configured for implantation between vertebrae. Intervertebral implants can be subjected to forces that drive the implant in an anterior direction. As these forces drive the implant in a direction that would expel the implant from its location between the vertebrae, these are referred to as “expulsion forces.” The extendable blades disclosed herein may anchor the implant in place to prevent expulsion of the implant from its implanted location.

Implants having lordotic angles increase the magnitude of the expulsion forces imparted on the implant. The greater the lordotic angle, the greater the expulsion forces tend to be. FIG. 39 is a schematic lateral view of the implant shown in FIG. 38. As shown in FIG. 39, implant 4000 may have a lordotic angle 5090. In some embodiments, the implant may have a lordotic angle in the range of 5-25 degrees. In some embodiments, the implant may have a lordotic angle of greater than 25 degrees. FIG. 39 also shows a second blade 4242 extending from inferior side 4140 of implant 4000.

Under expulsion loading, an intervertebral implant is driven in an anterior direction, while the blades remain held in place, as they are anchored in the adjacent vertebrae. Accordingly, the extendable blades are loaded in a posterior direction with respect to the peripheral frame of the implant. Therefore, expulsion forces push the blades against the posterior edge of the central opening in the peripheral frame.

It may be desirable to configure the PEEK housing of the implant to distribute the loading between the blades and the peripheral frame due to expulsion forces. Further, in some embodiments, the disclosed implant may have larger lordotic angles. The configuration of the PEEK peripheral frame may also distribute the increased loading due to the larger lordotic angles. In some embodiments, the tolerances between the peripheral frame and the blades may be configured to facilitate contact with a greater surface area of the blades under expulsion loading. The greater contact area may distribute the forces on the PEEK housing, thus reducing the pressure applied to the housing.

In order to distribute expulsion forces applied to the housing, additional portions of the peripheral frame may be configured to abut the blades. FIG. 40 is a schematic perspective posterior view of the implant shown in FIG. 38. As shown in FIG. 40, first blade 4241 may include a first portion having a posterior facing surface 5040 extending in a lateral direction and a second portion extending perpendicular to the first portion in a posterior direction to a posterior terminal end 5045. In some embodiments, the inner edge of peripheral frame 5005 may include a posterior edge 5015 configured to support first blade 4241 against expulsion forces in two locations. For example, as shown in FIG. 40, posterior edge 5015 is configured to support first blade 4241 at posterior facing surface 5040 of the first portion and posterior terminal end 5045 of the second portion of first blade 4241. As shown in FIG. 40, contact between posterior edge 5015 and posterior facing surface 5040 of first blade 4241 occurs at a first interface 5030. As further shown in FIG. 40, contact between posterior edge 5015 and posterior terminal end 5045 of first blade 4241 occurs at a second interface 5035.

FIG. 41 is a schematic superior view of a posterior portion of the implant shown in FIG. 38. FIG. 41 shows first interface 5030 and second interface 5035 from a superior, enlarged view.

In some embodiments in which the housing is formed of PEEK, the implant may include one or more radiopaque markers. As shown in FIG. 41, implant 4000 may include at least one radiopaque marker 5050 embedded in a portion of housing 4201.

As further shown in FIG. 41, in some embodiments, first radiopaque marker 5050 may be located in peripheral frame 5005 of housing 4201. For example, first radiopaque marker 5050 may be disposed proximate a peripheral edge 5095 of implant 4000.

In some embodiments, the PEEK material surrounding the radiopaque marker may be enlarged in order to reinforce the surrounding structure. As also shown in FIG. 41, peripheral frame 5005 may have larger thickness proximate radiopaque marker 5050 than adjacent to radiopaque marker 5005. For example, as shown in FIG. 41, peripheral frame 5005 may have a first thickness 5070 proximate radiopaque marker 5050 and a second thickness 5075 adjacent to radiopaque marker 5050. As shown in FIG. 41, this thicker area may be a rib 6000, such that first radiopaque marker 5050 may be aligned with rib 6000. Rib 6000 may extend in a superior-inferior direction (i.e., a substantially vertical direction) and may be disposed on a surface of the peripheral frame that faces radially inward toward a center of implant 4000. In some embodiments, rib 6000 may extend the full height of implant 4000, from superior side 4130 to inferior side 4140.

FIG. 42 is a schematic inferior view of implant 4000. As shown in FIG. 42, implant 4000 may include a second radiopaque marker 5055 and a third radiopaque marker 5060. FIG. 43 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an implant taken as indicated in FIG. 41. As shown in FIG. 43, implant 4000 may include a fourth radiopaque marker 5065.

As shown in FIG. 43, first radiopaque marker 5050 may be disposed proximate a superior surface (i.e., at superior side 4130) of implant 4000 at first lateral side 4114. Second radiopaque marker 5055 may be disposed proximate an inferior surface (i.e., at inferior side 4140) of implant 4000 at first lateral side 4114. Third radiopaque marker 5060 may be disposed proximate the inferior surface and at second lateral side 4116. Fourth radiopaque marker 5065 may be diposed proximate the superior surface and at second lateral side 4116. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 43, the radiopaque markers are located at the four corners of the implant when viewed in the anterior-posterior direction. This may facilitate radiographic observation of the orientation and location of the implant when implanted.

In some embodiments, the radiopaque markers may be spherical, as shown in FIG. 43. However, in other embodiments, the radiopaque markers may have any suitable shape.

The implant may include reinforced insertion tool engagement portions. FIG. 44 is a schematic enlarged view of a first tool engagement portion 4580 (also referred to as simply first engagement portion) of implant 4000. (See also FIG. 38.) Implant may also include a second tool engagement portion (See FIG. 39.) As shown in FIG. 44, first tool engagement portion 4580 may extend from an outer surface of peripheral frame 5005. First engagement portion 4580 may include a recess 6006 configured to receive a gripping element of an insertion tool configured to hold the implant during an implantation procedure. In addition, first engagement portion 4580 may include a protruding lip 6005. As shown in FIG. 44, protruding lip 6005 may have a thickness 6010. As also shown in FIG. 44, recess 6006 may have a depth 6015. In some embodiments, thickness 6010 of protruding lip 6005 and depth 6015 of recess 6006 of first engagement portion 4580 may be substantially the same. With such a configuration, the amount of material removed from the housing to create the recess may be replaced in the protruding lip, thus maintaining substantially the same amount of material in the housing, and limiting any loss of structural integrity caused by hollowing out the recess to receive the insertion tool. The protruding lip also reinforces the gripping recess undercut to provide for a stronger connection with the insertion tool during extraction, if needed.

FIG. 45 is a schematic assembled view of opposing blades and a blade actuating component joined using T-shaped slots. FIG. 45 shows a similar view to that of FIG. 27, but wherein the channels in the blade actuating component have a T-shaped cross-sectional shape. Specifically, FIG. 45 shows an inferior blade 5241 and a superior blade 5242. As also shown in FIG. 45, a blade actuating component 5260 may be configured to deploy inferior blade 5241 and superior blade 5242.

Superior blade 5242 may include a first protruding portion 5450 having a T-shaped cross-sectional shape. Inferior blade 5241 may have a second protruding portion 5455 having a T-shaped cross-sectional shape. First protruding portion 5450 and second protruding portion 5455 may be configured to be received by corresponding T-shaped channels in blade actuating component 5260. This T-shaped connection between the blades and the blade actuating component may provide more resistance to disengagement than the dovetail connection shown in FIG. 27.

FIG. 46 is a schematic assembled view of opposing blades and a blade actuating component joined using rectangular-shaped slots. FIG. 46 shows a similar view to that of FIG. 45, but wherein the channels in the blade actuating component have a rectangular cross-sectional shape. Specifically, FIG. 46 shows an inferior blade 6241 and a superior blade 6242. As also shown in FIG. 46, a blade actuating component 6260 may be configured to deploy inferior blade 6241 and superior blade 6242.

Superior blade 6242 may include a first protruding portion 6450 having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape. Inferior blade 6241 may have a second protruding portion 6455 having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape. First protruding portion 6450 and second protruding portion 6455 may be configured to be received by corresponding rectangular shaped channels in blade actuating component 6260. This rectangular-shaped connection between the blades and the blade actuating component may be easier to manufacture than the dovetail connection shown in FIG. 27 and the T-shaped connection shown in FIG. 45.

While various embodiments have been described, the description is intended to be exemplary, rather than limiting, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible that are within the scope of the embodiments. Although many possible combinations of features are shown in the accompanying figures and discussed in this detailed description, many other combinations of the disclosed features are possible. Any feature of any embodiment may be used in combination with, or substituted for, any other feature or element in any other embodiment unless specifically restricted. Therefore, it will be understood that any of the features shown and/or discussed in the present disclosure may be implemented together in any suitable combination. Accordingly, the embodiments are not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents. Also, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the attached claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An implant, comprising: a housing having a peripheral frame including an inner edge defining a central opening in a central portion of the implant; a blade located within the central opening and having a retracted position in the housing and an extended position where the blade extends outwardly from the housing; a blade actuating component comprising a driven shaft portion and a blade engaging portion; wherein the blade actuating component is configured to be translated to move the blade in a direction between the retracted position and the extended position; and wherein the blade has a U-shaped geometry with flanges, including a first wall and a second wall extending substantially parallel to one another and a third wall extending between the first wall and the second wall such that the arrangement of the first wall, second wall, and third wall have a U-shaped cross-section in a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the blade is configured to be moved, with a first flange extending from the first wall and a second flange extending from the second wall; and wherein the inner edge of the peripheral frame includes a posterior edge configured to support two portions of the blade in two respective locations, including a first location in which the posterior edge of the peripheral frame supports the first wall of the blade and a second location in which the posterior edge supports an edge of the first flange extending from the first wall of the blade.
 2. The implant of claim 1, wherein the first wall of the blade includes a posterior facing surface extending in a lateral direction and the first flange extends perpendicular to the first wall, the first flange of the blade extending in a posterior direction to a posterior terminal end.
 3. The implant of claim 2, wherein the peripheral frame includes a first end having a threaded opening and a guide opening adjacent the threaded opening, the guide opening receiving a driven end of the blade actuating component.
 4. The implant of claim 3, wherein the implant further includes a locking screw secured within the threaded opening; and wherein the locking screw can be rotated between an unlocked rotational position in which the driven end of the blade actuating component can pass through the guide opening and a locked rotational position, in which the drive end of the blade actuating component is prevented from moving through the guide opening.
 5. The implant of claim 4, wherein the implant further includes a pin that extends through the peripheral frame and engages with a rotation constraining groove of the locking screw; wherein the threaded portion of the locking screw includes a rotation constraining groove; wherein the rotation constraining groove includes a first groove end and a second groove end; wherein the rotation constraining groove extends less than one full rotation around the circumference of the threaded portion; and wherein the pin extends partially through the peripheral frame and engages the rotation constraining groove to prevent removal of the locking screw in order to secure the blade actuating component within the peripheral frame of the implant.
 6. The implant of claim 1, wherein the posterior edge is configured to support the blade against expulsion forces.
 7. The implant of claim 1, wherein the housing is formed at least in part from polyether ether ketone (PEEK).
 8. The implant of claim 7, further including at least one radiopaque marker embedded in a portion of the housing that is formed of PEEK.
 9. The implant of claim 8, wherein the at least one radiopaque marker is disposed proximate a peripheral edge of the implant.
 10. The implant of claim 9, wherein the radiopaque marker is located in the peripheral frame of the housing; and wherein the peripheral frame has a larger thickness proximate the radiopaque marker than adjacent to the radiopaque marker.
 11. The implant of claim 1, wherein the housing is formed with a lordotic angle configured for implantation between vertebrae.
 12. The implant of claim 11, wherein the lordotic angle is in the range of 5-25 degrees.
 13. An implant, comprising: a housing having a peripheral frame including an inner surface defining a central opening in a central portion of the implant; a blade located within the central opening and having a retracted position in the housing and an extended position where the blade extends outwardly from the housing; a blade actuating component comprising a driven shaft portion and a blade engaging portion; wherein the blade actuating component is configured to be translated to move the blade between the retracted position and the extended position; and wherein the housing is formed at least in part from polyether ether ketone (PEEK); and two or more radiopaque markers embedded in a portion of the housing that is formed of PEEK; the two or more radiopaque markers including: a first radiopaque marker disposed proximate a superior surface of the implant; and a second radiopaque marker disposed proximate an inferior surface of the implant and substantially aligned vertically with the first radiopaque marker; wherein the peripheral frame includes a superior surface, an inferior surface, and an outer surface opposite the inner surface and extending from the superior surface to the inferior surface; and wherein a portion of the outer surface of the peripheral frame proximate the first radiopaque marker and the second radiopaque marker is continuous between the superior surface and the inferior surface.
 14. The implant of claim 13, wherein a portion of the inner surface of the peripheral frame proximate the first radiopaque marker and the second radiopaque marker is continuous between the superior surface and the inferior surface, such that the thickness of the peripheral frame proximate the first radiopaque marker and the second radiopaque marker is substantially consistent from the superior surface to the inferior surface of the implant.
 15. The implant of claim 13, wherein the at least one radiopaque marker of the two or more radiopaque markers is located in the peripheral frame of the housing; and wherein the peripheral frame has a larger thickness proximate the at least one radiopaque marker than adjacent to the at least one radiopaque marker.
 16. The implant of claim 15, wherein the larger thickness of the peripheral frame forms a rib disposed on a surface of the peripheral frame that faces radially inward toward a center of the implant.
 17. The implant of claim 16, wherein the rib extends in a substantially vertical direction and wherein the at least one radiopaque marker includes: the first radiopaque marker; and the second radiopaque marker; wherein the first radiopaque marker and the second radiopaque marker are aligned with the rib.
 18. An implant, comprising: a housing having a peripheral frame including an inner edge defining a central opening in a central portion of the implant; a blade located within the central opening and having a retracted position in the housing and an extended position where the blade extends outwardly from the housing; a blade actuating component comprising a driven shaft portion and a blade engaging portion; wherein the blade actuating component is configured to be translated to move the blade in a first direction between the retracted position and the extended position; and wherein the housing is formed at least in part from polyether ether ketone (PEEK); and at least one engagement portion extending from an outer surface of the peripheral frame in a second direction that is substantially perpendicular to the first direction in which the blade is configured to be moved, the engagement portion including a recess configured to receive a gripping element of an insertion tool configured to hold the implant during an implantation procedure.
 19. The implant of claim 18, wherein the engagement portion includes a protruding lip having a thickness, and a recess having a depth, and wherein the thickness of the protruding lip and the depth of the recess of the engagement portion are substantially the same.
 20. The implant of claim 18, further including two engagement portions extending from the outer surface of the peripheral frame.
 21. An implant, comprising: a housing having a peripheral frame including an inner edge defining a central opening in a central portion of the implant; a first blade located within the central opening and having a retracted position in the housing and an extended position where the blade extends outwardly from the housing in a superior direction; a second blade located within the central opening and having a retracted position in the housing and an extended position where the blade extends outwardly from the housing in an inferior direction; a blade actuating component comprising a driven shaft portion and a blade engaging portion; wherein the blade actuating component is configured to be translated to move the first blade and the second blade between the retracted position and the extended position; wherein the first blade includes a first protruding portion; wherein the blade actuating component includes a first channel configured to receive the first protruding portion of the first blade; wherein the first protruding portion of the first blade and the first channel in the blade actuating component are arranged at a non-zero angle with respect to a vertical axis such that translation of the blade actuating component moves the first blade from the retracted position to the extended position; wherein the second blade includes a second protruding portion; wherein the blade actuating component includes a second channel configured to receive the second protruding portion of the second blade; wherein the second protruding portion of the second blade and the second channel in the blade actuating component are arranged at a non-zero angle with respect to a vertical axis such that translation of the blade actuating component moves the second blade from the retracted position to the extended position; wherein the first blade has a U-shaped geometry, including a first wall and a second wall extending substantially parallel to one another and a third wall extending between the first wall and the second wall such that the arrangement of the first wall, second wall, and third wall defines a U-shaped cross-section in a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the vertical axis; and wherein the first protruding portion of the first blade extends from a surface of the third wall of the blade.
 22. The implant of claim 21, wherein the first protruding portion of the first blade and the first channel of the blade actuating component form a dovetail connection; and wherein the second protruding portion of the second blade and the second channel of the blade actuating component form a dovetail connection.
 23. The implant of claim 21, wherein the first protruding portion of the first blade and the first channel of the blade actuating component form a connection having a substantially T-shaped cross-sectional shape; and wherein the second protruding portion of the second blade and the second channel of the blade actuating component form a connection having a substantially T-shaped cross-sectional shape.
 24. The implant of claim 21, wherein the first protruding portion of the first blade and the first channel of the blade actuating component form a connection having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape; and wherein the second protruding portion of the second blade and the second channel of the blade actuating component form a connection having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape. 